Removing the Old Toilet
Measure the distance from the wall to the toilet floor bolts. It's a good idea to check the size of your toilet before you remove it, so you know the new one will fit. Place the end of a measuring tape against the wall behind the toilet and extend it until it reaches the toilet's floor bolts. If the measurement is 12 inches (30 cm), you're in luck! You have a standard size toilet. If the distance is over 12 inches (30 cm), you may need a larger, longer, or custom toilet. Take your measurements to the hardware store to look for a toilet that will fit your space.
Turn off the water at the supply valve. According to professional plumber Dave Jones, "This is usually accomplished by turning a valve to the right. If it's an older-style gate valve, it will require several turns before it closes. If it's a quarter-turn valve, you only have to turn the valve one-quarter of a 360-degree turn." Turning off the supply valve cuts the water to the toilet, so you can replace it with less mess.
Set the lid aside and flush the toilet to drain the basin and the bowl. Put the lid in a safe spot where it won't get broken or tripped over. Then, flush the toilet a few times until you've removed as much water from the tank as possible. You won't be able to flush all of the water out of the tank, but we'll walk you through what to do.
Put on gloves and remove the rest of the water. Choose thick, heavy-duty gloves to protect yourself from bacteria. Get out a large sponge and press it into the tank, so it absorbs the remaining water. Squeeze it out into a bowl and repeat the process for the toilet bowl. If you've got quite a bit of water left in the bowl or tank, you can use a cup to scoop it out before you switch to a sponge. Discard the water and thoroughly wash the bowl out.
Remove the water supply line from the wall and tank. Use an adjustable wrench to unscrew the nut at the back of the toilet. Then, unscrew the water supply line nut near the stop valve that you turned to switch off the water. Pull away the water supply line and discard it. Most plumbers recommend replacing your braided water supply line every 3 to 5 years.
Unscrew the tank bolts that fasten the basin to the bowl. If the bolts aren't visible, pop off the bolt covers. Then, use a wrench to loosen the nuts that are securing the toilet to the floor. Discard the nuts and washers. Sometimes, nuts and washers can become so rusty that you can simply remove them by hand. If you see caulking along the base of the toilet, carefully run a utility knife along it, so you can pull the toilet up.
Lift the toilet up and away from the floor. Although you may be able to lift the entire toilet by yourself, it can help to have another person lift one side of the toilet. Lift with your and keep your back straight, so you don't injure yourself. Once you pull the toilet up from the floor, remove it from your bathroom. If you're setting the toilet down in your home instead of outside or in a garage, place it on an old towel or tarp until you can throw it away. If you're working by yourself and want to make the toilet lighter before you remove it, unscrew the bolts from the inside of the tank. Then, lift the tank away so you're only pulling up the toilet base.
Pry away the wax seal from the toilet flange. The flange is the circular opening and you'll see brown wax covering it. Take a putty knife to scrape away the waxy residue and debris. Leave the metal or plastic flange in place. If there's still a lot of sticky wax on the flange, wipe it off using a damp cloth. If the flange is cracked or damaged, replace it before you continue installing the toilet.
Plug the drain opening with an old rag or cloth. Stuffing the drain hole in the floor will prevent sewage fumes from wafting into your bathroom before you install the new toilet. It will also block tools from accidentally falling into the hole.
Installing the New Toilet
Replace the toilet bolts on the flange. New toilets usually include a new set of toilet bolts, so unscrew the old nuts with a wrench and pull out the bolts. To insert the new bolts, put the bolt head facing down into the large opening on the flange. Then, slide the bolt to the narrow end of the slot and repeat this for the opposite side. Toilet bolts are also called closet bolts.
Fit a new wax ring around the flange. Most new toilets come with a wax ring, but it's always a good idea to check. Open the new wax ring and center it on the flange. If your wax ring has a sloped edge, place it upside down so the narrow end of the wax ring touches the flange. Wax rings last 20 to 30 years and there's maintenance involved. If your toilet starts leaking near the base, you'll know it's time to replace the wax ring.
Center the toilet base over the toilet bolts on the floor. Carefully pick up the new toilet base and set it down directly over the flange so the bolts extend through the bottom sides of the toilet. Then, press down and rock the toilet back and forth so it seals to the wax ring. It can help to have another person lifting the toilet or guiding it onto the bolts. Once you've pressed the toilet to the wax ring, don't remove the toilet again or you'll break the seal.
Tighten the toilet bolts on the base. Set a plastic washer onto each bolt and screw a nut onto the bolts by hand. Then, use a wrench to finish tightening the bolts, but go back and forth between the two bolts. Stop tightening as soon as the nut is snug. This way, you're applying even pressure on the toilet so it stays level and the bowl doesn't crack. The toilet bolts will stick way up even after you've installed the washers and nuts. This is completely fine, since you'll saw them down.
Cut the excess length from the bolts and pop on decorative caps. Use a hacksaw to cut off away the excess length of the bolts—leave about ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) of bolt above the nut. Then, push the decorative caps over each bolt, so they're no longer visible. Brush away the metal filings with a clean cloth or suck them up with a vacuum.
Place the gasket on the tank and push the tank bolts through the holes. Turn the new tank on its side and push the rubber gasket onto the bottom opening of the tank. Then, slide the tank bolts through the inside of the tank so they extend out of the tank's bottom. Sometimes, tanks come pre-assembled, so you may not need to do this step.
Set the tank onto the toilet bowl and screw it in place. Turn the tank right side up and fit it over the bowl, so the bolts slide right into the holes on the back of the toilet bowl. Then, screw the bolts by hand before you use a wrench. Alternate tightening the screws so you apply even pressure.
Install a new water supply line and connect it to the toilet tank. Screw one end of a new supply line onto the bottom of the toilet tank. Then, screw the opposite end onto the supply valve near the wall. Tighten both ends with a wrench until the connections are snug. You can buy braided water supply lines from hardware stores or online. They sell a variety of lengths, so you're sure to find one that will fit your toilet.
Turn on the water supply valve and flush the toilet. For most valves, turn them to the left. For an older-style gate valve, keep turning until the valve opens. You should see water filling the toilet tank. Wait until it's full and flush the toilet. Check around the toilet base and near the water supply line for leaks. You may have to tighten the bolts if you see them leaking.
Caulk around the front of the toilet only if there is a visible gap. Leave the back of the toilet uncaulked so that water can escape if a leak forms and you can detect it. An undetected leak could cause the subfloor under the toilet to rot out and fail. Insert a tube of silicone tub and tile caulk into a caulk gun. Run the caulk along the base of the toilet, so there's no gap between the toilet and the floor. Then, drag your fingertip through the caulk to smooth the line and remove excess product. Most caulking products require about a day to cure, so avoid mopping the floor around the toilet. Use 100% silicone caulk or one designed for kitchen and bath for a faster cure time and mildewcide properties.
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